動磁式直線壓縮機設計與試驗研究

葉曉平，馬永壽，金濤

(1.浙江大學化工機械研究所，浙江杭州310027;2.麗水學院 機械工程系，浙江麗水323000)

摘要：研制了一臺新型結構的直線壓縮機，采用直線振蕩電機進行驅動，具有結構緊湊、效率高等特點.以等效磁路法對電機電磁場進行了簡化，推導出了電磁推力計算公式，并建立了壓縮機動力學模型，為壓縮機各項結構參數的設計提供了理論依據.以空氣為壓縮工質進行試驗，測試了壓縮機的部分性能指標。包括電流、功率，功率因數、位移和在排氣閥關死狀態下壓縮機所能達到的z*大壓力，指出了影響直線壓縮機性能的關鍵因素是共振特性和余隙容積效率.試驗結果表明，直線壓縮機摩擦損耗小，可以實現無油潤滑;控制靈活，可以實現無級氣量調節;當改變工況時能夠保證較高的制冷系數(COP)值.動磁式直線壓縮機具有比傳統往復式制冷壓縮機更優越的性能和優化空間，特別適用于小型制冷設備和清潔氣體的壓縮.

關鍵詞：直線壓縮機I直線振蕩電機I等效磁路

中圖分類號：TH457 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1008—973X(2008)02—0229—05Design and test on moving-magnet linear compressor

YE Xiao-pin，MA Yong—shou，JIN Tao

(1.Institute of Chemical Machinery Engineering，Z^ejiang University，Hangzhou 310027，China;2.Department of Mechantronic Engineering，Lishui University，Lishui 323000，China)

Abstract：A new type of linear compressor driven by a linear oscillation motor was developed。which hascompact configuration and high efficiency and is especially applicable to refrigerator equipment and cleangas compressor.An equivalent magnetic circuit method was used to simplify the electromagnetic fieldequations and calculate the magnetic drive force.Then a motor dynamic model was constructed to analyzethe key structural parameters which affecting the dynamic characteristic of the compressor.Parts Of theperformance criteria were tested using air as working fluid，including current，power，power factor，dis—placement and the maximum pressure that the compressor reached in the closed state of the exhaust valve.The important factors affecting the efficiency of linear compressor were indicated to be the resonance featureand clearance volumetric efficiency.The theoretical and test research show that this type of compres—sor has the advantages of low friction loss，oil—free operation，continuously modulated operation and high coefficient of performance(COP)in the operating range.

Key words：linear compressor;linear oscillation motor;equivalent magnetic circuit

直線壓縮機由直線振蕩電機驅動，與傳統的往復活塞式壓縮機相比，它沒有將電機旋轉運動轉變為活塞直線運動的曲柄連桿機構，大大減少了摩擦損耗，能使制冷性能提高30%以上‘13;活塞行程及余隙容積可以通過輸入電壓進行控制，能夠在變工況下保持較高的制冷系數(coefficient of perform—ance，COP)值，因此直線壓縮機是一種較為理想的新機型.

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